An analysis of The Communist Manifesto

An analysis of The Communist Manifesto Karl Marx was born in the early 19th century in Germany, where he received his degree in law and philosophy. Shortly after completing university, with his ever growing anti-bourgeois sentiment (Zott, 2006) he found he could no longer believe in the German education system. He turned to journalism where he developed his radical ideas, ultimately he was forced out of Germany, and he soon enthused onto further developing his studies. Marx met his long life friend Fredrick Engels who both had published significant work that questioned the existing European socio-economic system. Fredrick himself observed firsthand the exploitation of blue collar workers under the ruling class in factories, as his father sent him to represent their family in its textile business. Upon meeting in 1844 both found common ground in one and others studies, they began to develop their intellectual partnership, and they came about writing The Communist Manifesto in 1848. Karl Marx is generally considered the pri me writer, though some would say it is difficult to underpin where Marx work begins and where Engels work ends. The political manuscript was written at a time of political upheaval, where they witnessed revolutions, coups and rebellions. Marx was present during the European revolutions of 1848 which started in France. Its 160th anniversary The Communist Manifesto is still relevant till this day, Marx and Engels principles and their ideas of capitalism resemble the restless, anxious and competitive world of 20th century global economy (Cohan, 2000). Economists and political scientists note how the manifesto recognized the unstoppable wealth-creating power of capitalism, and predicted it would conquer the world, and warned that this inevitable globalization of national economies and cultures would have divisive and painful consequences (Zott, 2006) which is indicative of the texts relevance. Summary of main ideas The central premise of The Communist Manifesto can be deduced from Marxs famous generalization The history of all hitherto existing societies is the history of class struggle (Marx and Engels,1848) in which essentially Marx is stating that class is the defining feature of the modern industrial society. While the modern society has sprouted from the ruins of feudal society this has not done away with the clash antagonisms.'(Marx and Engels, 1848) Marx is arguing that in the earlier periods society was arranged into complicated class structures such as in medieval times there were feudal lords, vassals, guild-masters, journeymen, apprentices and serfs. For Marx, he believed class struggle still exists but in this epoch modern class antagonism has become simplified into two classes, the bourgeoisie as the oppressor and proletariat as the oppressed who are in constant opposition to each other. The manifesto then goes on to state the characteristics of both classes, which is marked by an exploitative relationship between the bourgeoisie and the proletarians. The bourgeoisie are the product of several revolutions, the owners of the means of production who have gained momentum with the age of exploration. Marx describes the proletarians as a class of labourers, who live only so long as they find work, and who find work only so long as their labour increases capital (Marx and Engels,1848) proletarians are essentially reduced to becoming a commodity. Marx then proceeds to argue that the division of labour has exploited proletarians where they have been stripped of their identity due to the advent of extensive machinery and so man becomes an appendage of the machine. The workers are powerless to change their circumstance and as the repulsiveness of the work increases, the wage decreases. This system of oppression is sustained by institutions such as the education system (which i s part of the superstructure) which reinforces ruling class values. For example, the concept of a hidden curriculum (Blacks Academy, 2010) in educational establishments, whereby everything is designed to prepare students for the future status as a powerless worker. The education institution is designed to benefit the bourgeoisie and uphold the capitalist system, i.e. the hidden curriculum. Marx then discusses how the development of the industry has increased the proletarians strength, the growing competition among the bourgeois, and the resulting commercial crises, make the wages of the workers ever more fluctuating (Marx and Engels 1848). As theres more of them they are strong enough to unite and voice their struggles over reduced wages. By forming trade unions they stick together to demand to keep up the rate of wages. Marx further argues the larger the union the bigger chance of them changing the system workers are victorious. Although their struggle for equality doesnt lie in the short term effect; it lies in the ever-expanding union of the workers. However, the bourgeoisie try to split the proletarians so they are not united and cannot revolt, as a revolution is the only way in which their circumstances can be changed. This can be substantiated by the fact that Marx says continually being upset by competition between the workers. Marx also describes the process of domination, in that to oppress a class, certain conditions of its slavish existence need to exist, and the essential condition for the existence, and for the sway of the bourgeois class, is the formation and augmentation of capital. (Marx and Engels, 1848) Criticisms The fall of the bourgeoisie and the victory of the proletariat are equally inevitable (Marx and Engels, 1848). Despite Marx and Engels principles and ideas that the proletarians will overthrow the bourgeoisie, a century on and yet workers in the UK and other industrial societies have not eradicate and revolted against capitalism. Ralf Dahrendorfs studies point out why the Marxist revolution hasnt come about over the 20th century. In 1959 Dahrendorf pointed out four reasons why. The first one was The fragmentation of the capitalist class (Dahrendorf: 2005) he suggested that previously the means of productions would typically be owned privately by families, now in the 20th century companies and property are greatly owned by stockholders. Secondly, white collar work and a rising standard of living (Dahrendorf, 2005) has transformed Marxs industrial proletariat. Workers in Marxs time laboured either on farms or in factories. They had blue collar or manual occupations; lower standing jobs involving mostly physical labour. Today they hold white collar occupation, higher-prestige work involving mostly mental activity for instance job roles of such; sales, management, and bureaucratic organisations. However, they still perform monotonous tasks like the industrial workers in Marx time, but evidence indicates that these workers see their positions higher than those of their grandparents who led blue collars lifestyles. Thirdly, a more extensive worker organisation ex ists in which workers have organisational strengths, which they were deficient in a century ago. They have Trade unions where they come together and make demands backed with intimidation of working to rule and the relationship between labour and management are usually institutionalised and peaceful. Finally, more extensive legal protections have been more supportive to protect workers rights and has given workers better access to the courts. Dahrendorf also states that regardless of persistent stratification, many societies have smoothed out some of capitalisms rough edges-and social conflict today maybe less intense than it was a century ago. (Dahrendorf, 2005) Whats more, he argues that despite Marx having witnessed the augmentation of the mass press in his time, however he could hardly have predicted what a major impact media forms would have on us. The Growth of music, mass film, and mediated society has allowed us to amuse ourselves to death and become media-saturated with entertainment which has led people to lose their critical edge for thinking about the nature of their class positions. (Postman, 1986) Max Weber also criticised some of Marxs ideas. In particular, he considered Marxs model of two social classes as too simple. Weber viewed social stratification as a more complex interplay of three district dimensions (Weber, 2005) the dimensions being; class, status and power. Marx believed that social status and power derived from economic position therefore he didnt find any reason to see it as district dimensions of social inequality. Weber opposed, as he recognised that stratification in industrial societies does have characteristically low status uniformity, individuals may have high rank on one dimension of society but a lesser position to another, for example, an bureaucratic official, may have power but in another dimension in society have little wealth. Analysis In spite of all the criticisms aimed at Marx and his work, the communist manifesto remains an extremely influential piece of literature and as a foundation for society. His ideas have lent inspiration to revolutions, coups and political systems, but sadly they have not been sustained, for example the collapse of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. The USSR was based on a communist system, yet it failed and capitalism moved into the vacuum. (BBC News, 2010)

Personal Statement to Win a Scholarship Essay

An experienced and fully qualified registered nurse who is efficient, thorough and passionate about delivering the best levels of care to patients. I possesses extensive healthcare experience in a wide range of key nursing fields and has the required physical, mental and emotional strength to stand up to the rigours of this demanding profession. Able to work autonomously and has vast knowledge of using the latest state of the art medical equipment to treat, observe and record the conditions of patients. As a driven individual who wants to progress she is now looking for a suitable nursing position with a reputable, exciting and modern healthcare provider. See more: how to write a scholarship essay Employment History Emena Hospital Assistant Superviser – Sept 2011- current Duties Caring for patients who are suffering from acute and long-term illnesses and diseases. Administering drugs, medication and injections to patients. Treating patients with respect and dignity, and giving attention to individual needs and wishes. Kj Prioritising workloads and allocating patients appropriately. Maintaining high clinical standards and high levels of quality care delivery Providing information, emotional support and reassurance to patients and relatives. Nursing Skills Implementing and participating in vaccination and immunisation programmes for both adults and children. Taking patient samples, pulses, temperatures and blood pressures. Experience of Chronic Disease management i.e. diabetes and asthma, etc. Responding calmly to emergency situations. Reviewing and evaluating the effectiveness of nursing interventions. Organising junior staff and prioritising busy workloads. Able to liaise with social services and other care agencies. Preparing beds, rooms, sterilising instruments, equipment and supplies, and ensuring that an essential stock of supplies is maintained.

The Quintessential Handbook to Essay Topics for 7th Graders

The Quintessential Handbook to Essay Topics for 7th Graders Spam mail needs to be outlawed. Recycling should be mandatory for everybody. Seventh graders like to read a genre. School tests aren't powerful. Life is far better than it was 50 decades ago. MP3 music needs to be free. Even if books are somewhat more informative. They should never be banned. 5 paragraph essay topics aren't. A thesis has to be arguable like in an argumentative or persuasive essay to create the readers wish to debate. Expository essays describe a procedure or offer factual info. Writing a great essay might be a bit of cake if you are feeling inspired. Face to face communication was damaged beyond repair as a result of social networking. A broad subject always seems simpler to write about as you're able to locate a lot of materials about it. Learn more regarding your interests and show your in-depth understanding of the subject. Narrative essays don't have such arguments. Before actually beginning to compose your essay, you have to pick an issue to write about. The thesis provides you with a guideline on how best to go about with writing the essay. Your thesis needs to be relevant so the short article can use a structure that's flexible in order to fit in the shoes of the readers. There are lots of essay topics. The topic has to be interesting, the topic has to be essential and finally the topic has to be informative. There is an excellent number of topics for essays and are prepared to provide you with. Take notes concerning all prospective topics you are able to consider. Any sphere and degree of complexity is going to be managed successfully. As you're crafting the thesis statement, make certain it is made around the similarities and differences. Seventh-graders utilize every phase of the writing procedure and continue to construct their understanding of writing conventions. It is preferable to use templates since they include all necessary formatting elements. The conclusion provides the total verdict of the argument. Needless to say, it's very essential to learn a great deal about your topic and be in a position to express the info in an organized in addition to transparent strategy. Give reasons why you think that your plan would get the job done. Explain why you believe your plan will do the job. Write about the very first time you realized your teachers have lives outside school. The article of the week from Kelly Gallagher is an excellent way to bring nonfiction in your classroom. Another reason is to observe how well students argue on distinct views and demonstrate understanding of the studied subject. Throughout your school career and on through college you will be requested to compose papers. You need to set up facts, possess the confidence and demonstrate the very clear evidence of your private viewpoint to certain phenomenon. It is possible to also restate the ideas you've discussed in the body paragraphs in order to make your point valid. Make certain you are really interested in the problem, because otherwise you will have no confidence, which is a significant aspect when convincing somebody. As soon as you have the topic, answer the question and after that support your answer with three or more explanations for why you believe it. Children should have to read more. School should occur in the evenings. Year round school isn't a good idea.

Running The British Economy Essay - 1495 Words

Running The British Economy Introduction ============ A study of economics in terms of whole systems especially with reference to general levels of output and income and to the interrelations among sectors of the economy is called macroeconomics. Macroeconomics is concerned with the behavior of the economy as a whole—with booms and recessions, the economy’s total output of goods and services and the growth of output, the rates of inflation and unemployment, the balance of payments, and exchange rates. Macroeconomics deals with the increase in output and employment over long period of time—that is economic growth—and with the short-run fluctuations that constitutes the business cycle. Macroeconomics focuses on the economic†¦show more content†¦Tax Rate -------- â€Å"A compulsory contribution to state revenue, levied by the government on personal income and business profits or added to the cost of some goods, services, and transactions.† Oxford Dictionary This includes just income tax. Which is a tax levied directly on personal income. Value added Tax =============== A tax on the amount by which the value of an article has been increased at each stage of its production or distribution. For example if we go out in market and buy some thing we pay some amount of tax on our purchase that is called value added tax. The Money Supply ================ It means that how much government is floating cash in the economy from its stock. Governments usually increase the cash flow in order to attain the high economic growth. Because when government float cash in the market, it means that people can get the cash at low interest rates, so they can borrow in order to achieve their financial goal and this all activity results in a boast in economy. In order to understand the results we must know what all the used symbols and abbreviations means, so here is the chart: Before Taking Over ================== Before I took over economy inflation was high and was on the rate of 4.35, and whole economy’s actual production was on 446, which is less then the expected production. And unemployment was on 6.47. There was generally distrust among people on theShow MoreRelatedHow successful have the British Government and the Bank of England been in running the British Economy over the last 2 years?2349 Words   |  10 Pagesï » ¿ ECONOMICS FOR GLOBAL BUSINESS Question (Part A) How successful have the British Government and the Bank of England been in running the British Economy over the last 2 years? Introduction This essay will demonstrate the measures of success that the British Government and Bank of England have delivered for the periods of 2010 and 2011. 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